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<title>下载文件.md</title><link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Merriweather:900,900italic,300,300italic&subset=latin-ext' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' />
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.MathJax_SVG { display: inline; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; zoom: 90%; text-align: left; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; word-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; min-width: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; }
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table tr th { border-bottom: 0px; }


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.fences-no-line-wrapping .md-fences .CodeMirror { margin-top: -30px; }
.CodeMirror-scroll { overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; }
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.CodeMirror-gutter-filler, .CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
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.CodeMirror-measure pre { position: static; }
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.CodeMirror-focused div.CodeMirror-cursor { visibility: inherit; }
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.cm-searching { background: rgba(255, 255, 0, 0.4); }
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}
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.CodeMirror-lint-tooltip { background-color: infobackground; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 4px; color: infotext; font-family: var(--monospace); overflow: hidden; padding: 2px 5px; position: fixed; white-space: pre-wrap; z-index: 10000; max-width: 600px; opacity: 0; transition: opacity 0.4s; font-size: 0.8em; }
.CodeMirror-lint-mark-error, .CodeMirror-lint-mark-warning { background-position: left bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; }
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.CodeMirror-lint-marker-error, .CodeMirror-lint-marker-warning { background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 16px; vertical-align: middle; position: relative; }
.CodeMirror-lint-message-error, .CodeMirror-lint-message-warning { padding-left: 18px; background-position: left top; background-repeat: no-repeat; }
.CodeMirror-lint-marker-error, .CodeMirror-lint-message-error { background-image: url(""); }
.CodeMirror-lint-marker-warning, .CodeMirror-lint-message-warning { background-image: url(""); }
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:root { --control-text-color: #777; }
@font-face { font-family: Merriweather; font-style: normal; font-weight: 300; src: local("Merriweather Light"), local("Merriweather-Light"), url("./pixyll/Merriweather-Light.ttf"); }
@font-face { font-family: Merriweather; font-style: normal; font-weight: 900; src: local("Merriweather Heavy"), local("Merriweather-Heavy"), url("./pixyll/Merriweather-Bold.ttf"); }
@font-face { font-family: Merriweather; font-style: italic; font-weight: 300; src: local("Merriweather Light Italic"), local("Merriweather-LightItalic"), url("./pixyll/Merriweather-LightItalic.ttf"); }
@font-face { font-family: Merriweather; font-style: italic; font-weight: 900; src: local("Merriweather Heavy Italic"), local("Merriweather-HeavyItalic"), url("./pixyll/Merriweather-BoldItalic.ttf"); }
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@font-face { font-family: Lato; font-style: normal; font-weight: 900; src: local("Lato Black"), local("Lato-Blcak"), url("./pixyll/Lato-Black.ttf"); }
@font-face { font-family: Lato; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; src: local("Lato Black"), local("Lato-Blcak"), url("./pixyll/Lato-Black.ttf"); }
@font-face { font-family: Lato; font-style: italic; font-weight: 900; src: local("Lato BlackItalic"), local("Lato-BlackItalic"), url("./pixyll/Lato-BlackItalic.ttf"); }
@font-face { font-family: Lato; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; src: local("Lato BlackItalic"), local("Lato-BlackItalic"), url("./pixyll/Lato-BlackItalic.ttf"); }
h1, .h1, .f1 { font-size: 2rem; line-height: 2.5rem; }
h2, .h2, .f2 { font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 2rem; }
h3, .h3, .f3 { font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 1.5rem; }
p, .p, .f4, h4, h5, h6, dl, ol, ul, pre[cid], div[cid], #typora-source { font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; }
h4 { font-size: 1.13rem; }
body { font-family: Merriweather, "PT Serif", Georgia, "Times New Roman", STSong, serif; line-height: 1.5rem; font-weight: 400; }
#write { max-width: 914px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); }
img { width: auto; max-width: 100%; }
body { font-size: 1.5rem; box-sizing: border-box; }
.md-table-edit { background: rgb(237, 237, 237); padding-top: 4px; }
table { width: 100%; font-size: 1.125rem; }
table > thead > tr > th, table > thead > tr > td, table > tbody > tr > th, table > tbody > tr > td, table > tfoot > tr > th, table > tfoot > tr > td { padding: 12px; line-height: 1.2; vertical-align: top; border-top: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51); }
table > thead > tr > th { vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(51, 51, 51); }
table > caption + thead > tr:first-child > th, table > caption + thead > tr:first-child > td, table > colgroup + thead > tr:first-child > th, table > colgroup + thead > tr:first-child > td, table > thead:first-child > tr:first-child > th, table > thead:first-child > tr:first-child > td { border-top: 0px; }
table > tbody + tbody { border-top: 2px solid rgb(51, 51, 51); }
p { font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.5; }
abbr { border-bottom: 1px dotted black; cursor: help; }
pre, code { font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; }
code, .md-fences { color: rgb(122, 122, 122); }
.md-fences .CodeMirror.CodeMirror-wrap { top: -1.5em; margin-bottom: -1.5em; }
.md-fences { padding: 1.125em; margin-bottom: 0.88em; font-size: 1rem; border: 1px solid rgb(122, 122, 122); }
blockquote { padding: 1.33em; font-style: italic; border-left: 5px solid rgb(122, 122, 122); color: rgb(85, 85, 85); }
blockquote em { color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
blockquote footer { font-size: 0.85rem; font-style: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(122, 122, 122); border-color: transparent; }
h1, .h1, h2, .h2, h3, .h3, h4, .h4, h5, .h5, h6, .h6 { font-family: Lato, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: 900; line-height: 1.2; margin: 1em 0px 0.5em; }
@media screen and (min-width: 48em) {
  .h1, h1 { font-size: 3.25rem; }
  .h2, h2 { font-size: 2.298rem; }
  .h3, h3 { font-size: 1.625rem; }
  .h4, h4 { font-size: 1.3rem; }
  #write > h4.md-focus::before, #write > h5.md-focus::before, #write > h6.md-focus::before { top: 1px; }
  .p, p, li { font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 1.8; }
  table { font-size: 1.25rem; }
}
@media (max-width: 48em) {
  blockquote { margin-left: 1rem; margin-right: 0px; padding: 0.5em; }
  .h1, h1 { font-size: 2.827rem; }
  .h2, h2 { font-size: 1.999rem; }
  .h3, h3 { font-size: 1.413rem; }
  .h4, h4 { font-size: 1.3rem; }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 64em) {
  .h1, h1 { font-size: 4.498rem; }
  .h2, h2 { font-size: 2.29rem; }
  .h3, h3 { font-size: 1.9rem; }
  .h4, h4 { font-size: 1.591rem; }
  #write > h4.md-focus::before { top: 4px; }
}
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<div  id='write'  class = 'is-node'><h3><a name='header-n0' class='md-header-anchor '></a>下载数据</h3><h4><a name='header-n2' class='md-header-anchor '></a>该用法主要用于简单提供下载文件和通过该方式为自己的网页提供静态文件</h4><h4><a name='header-n3' class='md-header-anchor '></a>尤其是我们这种，在一台服务器上放置了多种不同风格的网页， 静态文件是不同的，为了防止静态文件混乱，强烈建议：通过这种方式自己为自己提供静态文件</h4><p>主要是需要指定号文件夹和文件路径</p><p>此次，我将文件放置在网站根目录的files文件夹下</p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block" lang="python"> <div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner CodeMirror-wrap"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 4px; left: 4px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 30px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><span><span>​</span>x</span></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 这个是获取app.py脚本所在的文件夹，我习惯于每个脚本都写一个，便于定位</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-variable">__dir__</span> = <span class="cm-variable">os</span>.<span class="cm-property">path</span>.<span class="cm-property">dirname</span>(<span class="cm-variable">os</span>.<span class="cm-property">path</span>.<span class="cm-property">abspath</span>(<span class="cm-variable">__file__</span>))</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="">​</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 指定下载文件夹的路径</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-variable">__download__</span> = <span class="cm-variable">os</span>.<span class="cm-property">path</span>.<span class="cm-property">join</span>(<span class="cm-variable">__dir__</span>, <span class="cm-string">"files"</span>)</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 30px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 113px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 143px;"></div></div></div></pre><p>然后就是一个flask的函数send_from_directory的使用</p><p>我在示例中用了两个域名来完成</p><p>一 下载页面，通过os.listdir简单自动收集了所有文件的名称和文件大小，并且构建了一个字典</p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block" lang="python"> <div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner CodeMirror-wrap"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 4px; left: 4px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 30px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-meta">@app</span>.<span class="cm-property">route</span>(<span class="cm-string">"/download/"</span>)</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">def</span> <span class="cm-def">download</span>():</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-string">u"""</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-string"> &nbsp;  下载域名</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-string"> &nbsp;  渲染下载页面</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-string"> &nbsp;  """</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-variable">files</span> = {}</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-keyword">for</span> <span class="cm-variable">f</span> <span class="cm-keyword">in</span> <span class="cm-variable">os</span>.<span class="cm-property">listdir</span>(<span class="cm-variable">__download__</span>):</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-variable">files</span>.<span class="cm-property">update</span>({<span class="cm-variable">f</span>: <span class="cm-variable">os</span>.<span class="cm-property">path</span>.<span class="cm-property">getsize</span>(<span class="cm-variable">os</span>.<span class="cm-property">path</span>.<span class="cm-property">join</span>(<span class="cm-variable">__download__</span>, <span class="cm-variable">f</span>))})</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-keyword">return</span> <span class="cm-variable">render_template</span>(<span class="cm-string">"download/page.html"</span>, <span class="cm-variable">files</span>=<span class="cm-variable">files</span>)</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 30px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 239px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 269px;"></div></div></div></pre><p>然后借助于Jinja2模板将其转化成一个表格，其中url_for内的url就是我的第二个子页面，真正用于下载文件的子页面</p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block" lang="jinja" style="break-inside: unset;"> <div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner CodeMirror-wrap"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 4px; left: 4px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 30px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">&lt;table class="table table-hover"&gt;</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp;  &lt;thead&gt;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;  &lt;tr&gt;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;  &lt;th&gt;文件名&lt;/th&gt;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;  &lt;th&gt;文件大小&lt;/th&gt;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;  &lt;/tr&gt;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp;  &lt;/thead&gt;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp;  &lt;tbody&gt;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;  {% for f, s in files.items() %}</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;  &lt;tr&gt;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;  &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="{{ url_for('download_file', filename=f) }}"&gt;{{ f }}&lt;/td&gt;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;  &lt;td&gt;{{ s }}&lt;/td&gt;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;  &lt;/tr&gt;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;  {% endfor %}</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp;  &lt;/tbody&gt;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">&lt;/table&gt;</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 30px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 344px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 374px;"></div></div></div></pre><p>二、下载本体，通过url本身传递一个filename参数，指定好所在的文件夹，然后无需进行其他任何操作，直接在/_download/后添加相对路径即可下载</p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block md-focus" lang="python"> <div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner CodeMirror-wrap CodeMirror-focused"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 130px; left: 476.563px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 30px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="" style="position: relative;"><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">@app.route("/_download/&lt;path:filename&gt;")</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">def download_file(filename):</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp;  u"""</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp;  提供下载的域名</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp;  """</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp;  file_dir = __download__</span></pre><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp;  return send_from_directory(file_dir, filename)</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 30px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 155px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 185px;"></div></div></div></pre></div>
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